Every tile tells a story. Let’s discover the hidden meanings behind Moroccan mosaic patterns

Rabat– Zellige, or mosaic tiles, is a traditional art form that was born in Morocco in the 10th century, inspired from Roman mosaics.

Some of the oldest examples date back to the 12th century, during the time of the Almohad dynasty.

Mosaic tiles, especially zellige, are a key part of Moroccan architecture and identity, as they reflect deep Islamic and botanical influences, and they can be found on the walls, fountains, floors, and ceilings of riads, palaces, mosques, mausoleums, Riads / Moroccan homes, and restaurants. 

From an Islamic perspective, the use of geometric shapes, symmetry, and repetition in tilework is deeply symbolic, representing infinity, peace, and harmony. 

Islamic art traditionally avoids the depiction of living beings, so artists turned to geometry and abstract forms to express spiritual ideas.

At the same time, botanical motifs are also present, especially in floral arabesques that appear intertwined with the geometric designs. 

Stylized leaves, vines, and flowers can symbolize paradise gardens, which hold an important place in Islamic thought. 

In Islam, paradise is often described as a lush, eternal garden, and the presence of nature in tile designs serves as a reminder of that divine promise. 

In that way, preserving the art of zellige is essential to maintaining Morocco’s cultural identity and artistic legacy.  

These mosaics are more than just decoration, these mosaics carry centuries of history, craftsmanship, and spiritual symbolism.

The process of making Zellige

 Zellige tiles are traditionally made from a special type of clay found mainly in Fez, Morocco. 

Artisans begin by soaking the clay in water until it reaches a smooth, workable consistency. Once ready, the clay is shaped into square forms and left to dry naturally under the sun.

The artisans, then take over. Using a tool called a “Menkash”, which consists of a shaping block and a hammer, they carefully smooth and cut each tile into its final shape. 

Afterward, the upper surface of the tiles is painted with colored glazes. These tiles are then fired in wood-burning kilns, which gives each piece its unique shade and texture. 

The next step involves sketching the design onto the tile, preparing it for the intricate cutting and assembling that will follow in the creation of the final mosaic.